Article 625

Electric Vehicle Charging System

Part I. General

Scope. This article covers the electrical conductors and equipment external to an electric vehicle that connect an elec‐ tric vehicle to a supply of electricity by conductive, inductive, or wireless power transfer (contactless inductive charging) means, and the installation of equipment and devices related to elec‐ tric vehicle charging.Informational Note No. 1: For industrial trucks, see NFPA 505-2013, Fire Safety Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks Including Type Designations, Areas of Use, Conversions, Maintenance, and Oper‐ ation.Informational Note No. 2: UL 2594-2013, Standard for Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment, is a safety standard for conductive elec‐ tric vehicle supply equipment. UL 2202-2009, Standard for Electric Vehicle Charging System Equipment, is a safety standard for conduc‐ tive electric vehicle charging equipment.•
Definitions.

Cable Management System. An apparatus designed to control and organize the output cable to the electric vehicle or to the primary pad.

Charger Power Converter. The device used to convert energy from the power grid to a high-frequency output for wireless power transfer.

Electric Vehicle. An automotive-type vehicle for on-road use, such as passenger automobiles, buses, trucks, vans, neighbor‐ hood electric vehicles, electric motorcycles, and the like, primarily powered by an electric motor that draws current from a rechargeable storage battery, fuel cell, photovoltaic array, or other source of electric current. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) are considered electric vehicles. For the purpose of this article, off-road, self-propelled electric vehicles, such as industrial trucks, hoists, lifts, transports, golf carts, airline ground support equipment, tractors, boats, and the like, are not included.

Electric Vehicle Connector. A device that, when electrically coupled (conductive or inductive) to an electric vehicle inlet, establishes an electrical connection to the electric vehicle for the purpose of power transfer and information exchange. This device is part of the electric vehicle coupler.

Informational Note: For further information, see 625.48 for interactive systems.

Electric Vehicle Coupler. A mating electric vehicle inlet and electric vehicle connector set.

Electric Vehicle Inlet. The device on the electric vehicle into which the electric vehicle connector is electrically coupled (conductive or inductive) for power transfer and information exchange. This device is part of the electric vehicle coupler. For the purposes of this Code, the electric vehicle inlet is consid‐ ered to be part of the electric vehicle and not part of the elec‐ tric vehicle supply equipment.

Informational Note: For further information, see 625.48 for interactive systems.

Electric Vehicle Storage Battery. A battery, comprised of one or more rechargeable electrochemical cells, that has no provi‐ sion for the release of excessive gas pressure during normal charging and operation, or for the addition of water or electro‐ lyte for external measurements of electrolyte-specific gravity.

Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment. The conductors, including the ungrounded, grounded, and equipment grounding conductors, and the electric vehicle connectors, attachment plugs, and all other fittings, devices, power outlets, or appara‐ tus installed specifically for the purpose of transferring energy between the premises wiring and the electric vehicle.

Informational Note No. 1: For further information, see 625.48 for interactive systems.

Informational Note No. 2: Within this article, the terms electric vehicle supply equipment and electric vehicle charging system equipment are considered to be equivalent.

Fastened in Place. Mounting means of an EVSE in which the fastening means are specifically designed to permit periodic removal for relocation, interchangeability, maintenance, or repair without the use of a tool.

Fixed in Place. Mounting means of an EVSE attached to a wall or surface with fasteners that require a tool to be removed.

Output Cable to the Electric Vehicle. An assembly consisting of a length of flexible EV cable and an electric vehicle connec‐ tor (supplying power to the electric vehicle).

Output Cable to the Primary Pad. A multi-conductor, shielded cable assembly consisting of conductors to carry the high- frequency energy and any status signals between the charger power converter and the primary pad.

Personnel Protection System. A system of personnel protection devices and constructional features that when used together provide protection against electric shock of personnel.

Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV). A type of electric vehi‐ cle intended for on-road use with the ability to store and use off-vehicle electrical energy in the rechargeable energy storage system, and having a second source of motive power.

Portable (as applied to EVSE). A device intended for indoor or outdoor use that can be carried from charging location to charging location and is designed to be transported in the vehi‐ cle when not in use.

Power-Supply Cord. An assembly consisting of an attachment plug and length of flexible cord that connects equipment to a receptacle.

Primary Pad. A device external to the EV that provides power via the contactless coupling and may include the charger power converter.

Rechargeable Energy Storage System. Any power source that has the capability to be charged and discharged.

Informational Note: Batteries, capacitors, and electromechani‐ cal flywheels are examples of rechargeable energy storage systems.

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT). The transfer of electrical energy from a power source to an electrical load via electric and magnetic fields or waves by a contactless inductive means between a primary and a secondary device.

Wireless Power Transfer Equipment (WPTE). Equipment consisting of a charger power converter and a primary pad. The two devices are either separate units or contained within one enclosure.

Voltages. Unless other voltages are specified, the nomi‐ nal ac system voltages of 120, 120/240, 208Y/120, 240, 480Y/277, 480, 600Y/347, 600, and 1000 volts and dc system voltages of up to 1000 volts shall be used to supply equipment covered by this article.
Listed. EVSE or WPTE shall be listed.

Part II. Equipment Construction

625.10 Electric Vehicle Coupler. The electric vehicle coupler shall comply with 625.10(A) through (D).

•

Construction and Installation. The electric vehiclecoupler shall be constructed and installed so as to guard against inadvertent contact by persons with parts made live from the electric vehicle supply equipment or the electric vehi‐ cle battery.
Unintentional Disconnection. The electric vehicle coupler shall be provided with a positive means to prevent uninten‐ tional disconnection.
Grounding Pole. The electric vehicle coupler shall be provided with a grounding pole, unless provided as part of a listed isolated electric vehicle supply equipment system.
Grounding Pole Requirements. If a grounding pole is provided, the electric vehicle coupler shall be so designed that the grounding pole connection is the first to make and the last to break contact.

Markings. The equipment shall comply with 625.15(A) through (C).
1. General. All equipment shall be marked by the manufac‐ turer as follows:FOR USE WITH ELECTRIC VEHICLES
2. Ventilation Not Required. Where marking is required by 625.52(A), the equipment shall be clearly marked by the manu‐ facturer as follows:VENTILATION NOT REQUIREDThe marking shall be located so as to be clearly visible after installation.
3. Ventilation Required. Where marking is required by 625.52(B), the equipment shall be clearly marked by the manu‐ facturer, “Ventilation Required.” The marking shall be located so as to be clearly visible after installation.
Means of Coupling. The means of coupling to the electric vehicle shall be conductive, inductive, or wireless power transfer. Attachment plugs, electric vehicle connectors, and electric vehicle inlets shall be listed or labeled for the purpose.
Cords and Cables.
1. Power-Supply Cord. The cable for cord-connected equip‐ ment shall comply with all of the following:
  1. Be any of the types specified in 625.17(B) or hard service cord, junior hard service cord, or portable power cable types in accordance with Table 400.4. Hard service cord, junior hard service cord, or portable power cable types shall be listed, as applicable, for exposure to oil and damp and wet locations.
  2. Have an ampacity as specified in Table 400.5(A)(1) or, for8 AWG and larger, in the 60°C columns of Table 400.5(A)(2).
  3. Have an overall length as specified in 625.17(A)(3)a. or b as follows:
    1. When the interrupting device of the personnel protection system specified in 625.22 is located within the enclosure of the supply equipment or charging system, the power-supply cord shall be not more than 300 mm (12 in.) long,
    2. When the interrupting device of the personnel protection system specified in 625.22 is located at the attachment plug, or within the first 300 mm (12 in.) of the power-supply cord, the overall cord length shall be a minimum of 1.8 m (6 ft) and shall be not greater than 4.6 m (15 ft).
2. Output Cable to the Electric Vehicle. The output cable to the electric vehicle shall be Type EV, EVJ, EVE, EVJE, EVT, or EVJT flexible cable as specified in Table 400.4.Informational Note: Listed electric vehicle supply equipment may incorporate output cables having ampacities greater than 60°C based on the permissible temperature limits for the components and the cable.
3. Overall Cord and Cable Length. The overall usable length shall not exceed 7.5 m (25 ft) unless equipped with a cable management system that is part of the listed electric vehi‐ cle supply equipment.
  1. Not Fastened in Place. Where the electric vehicle supply equipment or charging system is not fastened in place, the cord-exposed usable length shall be measured from the face of the attachment plug to the face of the electric vehicle connec‐ tor.
  2. Fastened in Place. Where the electric vehicle supply equipment or charging system is fastened in place, the usable length of the output cable shall be measured from the cable exit of the electric vehicle supply equipment or charging system to the face of the electric vehicle connector.
Interlock. Electric vehicle supply equipment shall be provided with an interlock that de-energizes the electric vehicle connector whenever the electrical connector is uncoupled from the electric vehicle. An interlock shall not be required for portable cord-and-plug-connected electric vehicle supply equipment intended for connection to receptacle outlets rated at 125 volts, single phase, 15 and 20 amperes. An interlock shall not be required for dc supplies less than 60 volts dc.
Automatic De-Energization of Cable. The electric vehi‐ cle supply equipment or the cable-connector combination of the equipment shall be provided with an automatic means to de-energize the cable conductors and electric vehicle connec‐ tor upon exposure to strain that could result in either cable rupture or separation of the cable from the electric connector and exposure of live parts. Automatic means to de-energize the cable conductors and electric vehicle connector shall not be required for portable electric vehicle supply equipment constructed in accordance with 625.44(A).

625.22 Personnel Protection System. The equipment shall have a listed system of protection against electric shock of personnel. Where cord-and-plug-connected equipment is used, the interrupting device of a listed personnel protection system shall be provided and shall be an integral part of the attach‐ ment plug or shall be located in the power-supply cord not more than 300 mm (12 in.) from the attachment plug. A personnel protection system shall not be required for supplies less than 60 volts dc.

Part III. Installation

Electric Vehicle Branch Circuit. Each outlet installed for the purpose of charging electric vehicles shall be supplied by an individual branch circuit. Each circuit shall have no other outlets.
Overcurrent Protection. Overcurrent protection for feeders and branch circuits supplying equipment shall be sized for continuous duty and shall have a rating of not less than 125 percent of the maximum load of the equipment. Where noncontinuous loads are supplied from the same feeder, the overcurrent device shall have a rating of not less than the sum of the noncontinuous loads plus 125 percent of the continuous loads.
Rating. The equipment shall have sufficient rating to supply the load served. Electric vehicle charging loads shall be considered to be continuous loads for the purposes of this arti‐ cle. Where an automatic load management system is used, the maximum equipment load on a service and feeder shall be the maximum load permitted by the automatic load management system.
Disconnecting Means. For equipment rated more than 60 amperes or more than 150 volts to ground, the disconnect‐ ing means shall be provided and installed in a readily accessible location. The disconnecting means shall be lockable open in accordance with 110.25.
Equipment Connection. Equipment shall be connec‐ ted to the premises wiring system in accordance with one of the following:

Portable Equipment. Portable equipment shall be connected to the premises wiring systems by one of the follow‐ ing methods:(2) A nonlocking, 2-pole, 3-wire grounding-type receptacleoutlet rated 60 volt dc maximum, 15 or 20 amperes(1) A nonlocking, 2-pole, 3-wire grounding-type receptacle outlet rated at 125 volt, single phase, 15 or 20 amperesThe length of the power supply cord, if provided, between the receptacle outlet and the equipment shall be in accordance with 625.17(A)(3).
1. A nonlocking, 2-pole, 3-wire grounding-type receptacleoutlet rated 125 volt or 250 volt, single phase, up to 50 amperes
2. A nonlocking, 3-pole, 4-wire grounding-type receptacle outlet rated 250 volt, three phase, up to 50 amperes
3. Any of the receptacle outlets in 625.44(A)(1) or (2)
Stationary Equipment. Stationary equipment intended to be fastened in place in such a way as to permit ready removal for interchange, facilitation of maintenance or repair, or repo‐ sitioning shall be connected to the premises wiring system by one of the following methods:
•The length of the power supply cord, if provided, between the receptacle outlet and the equipment shall be in accordance with 625.17(A)(3).N
Fixed Equipment. All other equipment shall be perma‐ nently wired and fixed in place to the supporting surface.

Loss of Primary Source. Means shall be provided such that, upon loss of voltage from the utility or other electrical system(s), energy cannot be back fed through the electric vehi‐ cle and the supply equipment to the premises wiring system unless permitted by 625.48.
Multiple Feeder or Branch Circuits. Where equipment is identified for the application, more than one feeder or branch circuit shall be permitted to supply equipment.
Interactive Systems. Electric vehicle supply equipment that is part of an interactive system that serves as an optional standby system, an electric power production source, or a bidir‐ ectional power feed shall be listed, evaluated for use with the specific electric vehicles, and marked as suitable for that purpose. When used as an optional standby system, the require‐ ments of Article 702 shall apply; when used as an electric power production source, the requirements of Article 705 shall apply.

Informational Note: For further information on supply equip‐

ment, see ANSI/UL 1741, Standard for Inverters, Converters, Controllers and Interconnection System Equipment for Use with Distrib‐ uted Energy Resources, and ANSI/UL 9741, Bidirectional Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging System Equipment; for vehicle interactive systems, see SAE J3072, Standard for Interconnection Requirements for Onboard, Utility-Interactive Inverter Systems.

625.50 Location. The electric vehicle supply equipment shall be located for direct electrical coupling of the EV connector

and vent directly to, the outdoors. Positive-pressure ventilation systems shall be permitted only in vehicle charging buildings or areas that have been specifically designed and approved for that application. Mechanical ventilation requirements shall be determined by one of the methods specified in 625.52(B)(1) through (B)(4).

Table Values. For supply voltages and currents specified in Table 625.52(B)(1)(a) or Table 625.52(B)(1)(b), the minimum ventilation requirements shall be as specified in Table 625.52(B)(1)(a) or Table 625.52(B)(1)(b) for each of the total number of electric vehicles that can be charged at one time.
Other Values. For supply voltages and currents other than specified in Table 625.52(B)(1)(a) or Table 625.52(B)(1)(b) , the minimum ventilation requirements shall be calculated by means of the following general formulas, as applicable:

Single-phase ac or dc:(conductive or inductive) to the electric vehicle. Unless specifi‐Ventilationin cubic meters per minuteaccordance with 625.44(A).cally listed and marked for the location, the coupling means of the electric vehicle supply equipment shall be stored or located at a height of not less than 450 mm (18 in.) above the floor level for indoor locations or 600 mm (24 in.) above the grade level for outdoor locations. This requirement does not apply to portable electric vehicle supply equipment constructed in(m3/min) =single-phase ac or dc
voltsamperes1718
[625.52(B)(2)a]625.52 Ventilation. The ventilation requirement for charging an electric vehicle in an indoor enclosed space shall be deter‐ mined by 625.52(A) or (B).the equipment
1. Ventilation Not Required. Where electric vehicle storage batteries are used or where is listed for chargingVentilationsingle-phase ac or dc in cubic feet per minute (cfm) =
  [625.52(B)(2)b]electric vehicles indoors without ventilation and marked in accordance with 625.15(B), mechanical ventilation shall not be required.
2. Ventilation Required. Where the equipment is listed for charging electric vehicles that require ventilation for indoor charging, and is marked in accordance with 625.15(C), mechanical ventilation, such as a fan, shall be provided. The ventilation shall include both supply and exhaust equipment and shall be permanently installed and located to intake from,
voltsamperes48.7
Table 625.52(B)(1)(a) Minimum Ventilation Required in Cubic Meters per Minute (m3/min) for Each of the Total Number of Electric Vehicles That Can Be Charged at One Time
Branch-Circuit VoltageSingle Phase 3 PhaseBranch- Circuit Ampere Rating
DC ≥ 50 V
120 V
208 V240 V or 120/240 V
208 V or 208Y/120 V
240 V480 V or 480Y/277 V600 V or 600Y/347 V150.51.11.82.1
————200.61.42.42.8
4.24.89.712300.92.13.64.2
6.37.21518401.22.84.85.6
8.49.71924501.53.56.17.0
10122430601.84.27.38.4
13152936100 2.9 7.0121421244860150 — ———31367391200 — ———424897120250 — ———5260120150300 — ———6373145180350 — ———7385170210400 — ———8497195240
Table 625.52(B)(1)(b) Minimum Ventilation Required in Cubic Feet per Minute (cfm) for Each of the Total Number of Electric Vehicles That Can Be Charged at One Time

Branch-Circuit Voltage

Single Phase

3 Phase
Branch-

208 V or

Circuit Ampere

240 V or 208Y/
480 V or 480Y/600 V or 600Y/RatingDC ≥ 50V120 V208 V120/240 V 120 V240 V277 V347 V1515.4376474 ————2020.4498599 1481713424273030.874128148 2222565126414041.399171197 2963426838545051.3123214246 37042785410666061.7148256296 44451210251281100102.5246427493 74085417082135150———— 1110128125623203200———— 1480170834164270250———— 1850213542705338300———— 2221256251256406350———— 2591298959797473400———— 2961341668328541
Three-phase ac:Ventilation3-phase in cubic meters per minute (m3/min) =
[625.52(B)(2)c]1.732voltsamperes 1718Ventilation3-phase in cubic feet per minute (cfm) =
[625.52(B)(2)d]1.732voltsamperes 48.7
Engineered Systems. For an equipment ventilation system designed by a person qualified to perform such calculations as an integral part of a building’s total ventilation system, the minimum ventilation requirements shall be permitted to be determined in accordance with calculations specified in the engineering study.
Supply Circuits. The supply circuit to the mechanical ventilation equipment shall be electrically interlocked with the equipment and shall remain energized during the entire elec‐ tric vehicle charging cycle. Equipment shall be marked in accordance with 625.15. Equipment receptacles rated at 125 volts, single phase, 15 and 20 amperes shall be marked in accordance with 625.15 and shall be switched, and the mechan‐ ical ventilation system shall be electrically interlocked through the switch supply power to the receptacle. Equipment supplied from less than 50 volts dc shall be marked in accordance with 625.15(C) and shall be switched, and the mechanical ventila‐ tion system shall be electrically interlocked through the switch supply power to the equipment.

Part IV. Wireless Power Transfer Equipment

Grounding. The primary pad base plate shall be of a non-ferrous metal and shall be grounded unless the listed WPTE employs a double-insulation system. The base plate shall be sized to match the size of the primary pad enclosure.
Construction.

Type. The charger power converter, where integral to the primary pad, shall comply with 625.102(C). The charger power converter, if not integral to the primary pad, shall be provided with a minimum Type 3R enclosure rating.
Installation. If the charger power converter is not integral to the primary pad, it shall be mounted at a height of not less than 450 mm (18 in.) above the floor level for indoor locations or 600 mm (24 in.) above grade level for outdoor locations. The charger power converter shall be mounted in one of the following forms:
1. Pedestal
2. Wall or pole
3. Building or structure
4. Raised concrete pad
Primary Pad. The primary pad shall be installed on the surface, embedded in the surface of the floor with its top flush with the surface, or embedded in the surface of the floor with its top below the surface. This includes primary pad construc‐ tions with the charger power converter located in the primary pad enclosure.
1. If the primary pad is located in an area requiring snow removal, it shall not be located on or above the surface.Exception: Where installed on private property where snow removal is done manually, the primary pad shall be permitted to be located on or above the surface.
2. The enclosure shall be provided with a suitable enclosure rating minimum Type 3. If the primary pad is located in an area subject to severe climatic conditions (e.g., flood‐
ing), it shall be suitably rated for those conditions or be provided with a suitably rated enclosure.
Protection of the Output Cable. The output cable to the primary pad shall be secured in place over its entire length for the purpose of restricting its movement and to prevent strain at the connection points. If installed in conditions where drive- over could occur, the cable shall be provided with supplemen‐ tal protection. Where the charger power converter is a part of the primary pad assembly, the power supply cord to the primary pad shall also be protected.
Other Wiring Systems. Other wiring systems and fittings specifically listed for use on the WPTE shall be permitted.

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